PAST PERFECT

Form

Plus que Parfait Simple SIMPLE PAST PERFECT
Affirmation
I had looked we had looked
you had looked you had looked
he had looked they had looked
she had looked
it had looked
Negation
I had not looked we had not looked
you had not looked you had not looked
he had not looked they had not looked
she had not looked
it had not looked
Interrogation
had I looked? had we looked?
had you looked? had you looked?
had he looked? had they looked?
had she looked?
had it looked?

 

Plus que Parfait Progressif CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT

Affirmation
I had been looking we had been looking
you had been looking you had been looking
he had been looking they had been looking
she had been looking
it had been looking
Negation
I had not been looking we had not been looking
you had not been looking you had not been looking
he had not been looking they had not been looking
she had not been looking
it had not been looking
Interrogation
had I been looking? had we been looking?
had you been looking? had you been looking?
had he been looking? had they been looking?
had she been looking?
had it been looking?
 

Emploi Use

On emploie le Past Perfect pour exprimer une antériorité dans le passé. The Past Perfect is used to express anteriority in the past.

  • Lorsque nous parlons au prétérit déjà et nous voulons parler d'un événement antérieur, nous employons le past perfect. The Simple Past refers to a past event, the Past Perfect refers to an event which happened prior to that event.
    • Lorsque Peter est arrivé au théâtre, il a découvert que toutes les places avaient été vendues. Ex. When Peter went to the theatre, he discovered that all the seats had been sold.

     

  • On emploie la forme progressive pour dire pendant combien de temps un certain événement avait duré avant qu'un autre ne se produise. The Continuous Past Perfect is used to say how an event had been going on before another occurred.
    • J'avais attendu pendant 20 minutes avant que Paul n'arrive. Ex. I had been waiting for 20 minutes when Paul arrived.

     

  • Le past perfect s'emploie avec the first (second, third, fourth ... nth) time lorsque cette première (2ème, 3ème, 4ème ... énième) fois est dans le passé. The Past Perfect is used with the first (second, third, fourth ... nth) time when it happened in the past.
    • C'était la première fois que nous nous étions rencontrés. Ex. It was the first time we had met.

Le Present Perfect établit un lien entre un moment passé et le présent tandis que le Past Perfect établit un lien est entre deux moments du passé, l'un étant antérieur à l'autre. The Present Perfect creates a link between the past and the present while the Past Perfect creates a link between two past event (one prior to the other).

    • Il est 9 heures et cela fait plus d'une heure que j'attends. 'is' = présent, 'have been waiting' = present perfect Ex. It is 9 o'clock and I have been waiting for over an hour.
    • Il était 9 heures et cela faisait plus d'une heure que j'attendais. ('was' = prétérit, 'had been waiting' = past perfect) Ex. It was 9 o'clock and I had been waiting for over an hour.

Activities

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Fill in the gaps with the appropriate verb form