a vending machine (or automat ) is a machine which sells various products, such as chocolate bars, candies ...

a coin machine (or slot machine) is used to place bets in casinos

to boast : to be proud, to congratulate oneself

He boasts of being the best manager in the city.

noodles : Japanese spagghetti / pasta

rice [U] : a cereal growing in water eaten by Asian people

Fishing bait is attached at the end of a line to attract fish.

a scenic spot : a tourist place

to be on the defensive : to be ready to fight (fought, fought)

to throw (threw, thrown)

a mishap ( mis - happen) : an incident

the root (of a tree, of a tooth, of a word) >>> to root

alcohol [U] >>> alcoholic (adj, noun) >>> alcoholism [U]

available (adj) >>> availability (noun)

Sorry, this product is not available. I sold the last one yesterday.

advisory <<< an advisor >>> advice [U], a piece of advice, to advise

a minor is someone under 18 / under age (< > over 18, over age)

Sake : a strong Japanese liquor

to call for : to ask for

The situation calls for tough measures.

to ignore : to refuse to obey, not to respect

AM : in the morning <> PM : in the afternoon /in the evening / at night

a magnet (noun) >>> magnetic (adj)

the West : the Western countries : the developed countries

the East : the Eastern block, the former communist countries

the South : the developing countries